I encountered this issue while investigating a dimension error a user received when applying an Invoice to a Credit note in Dynamics 365 Business Central.
In this case the user had just started assigning dimensions to customers however some customers had posted documents without any dimension analysis. They found when they attempted to apply documents with no dimension analysis they now received the error “Select Dimension Value Code for Dimension Code”.
To illustrate the issue below are some customer ledger entries for customer C00070 that have no dimension analysis (as this wasn’t required when the documents were posted)

We will now configure a requirement for analysis to the dimension “DEPARTMENT” on the customer:

Now when you attempt to post the application of the invoice to the credit note you are presented with the error below:

The only solution I could find other than reversing both the invoice and the credit was to temporarily remove the “Code Mandatory” for the dimension on the customer.
I guess as the system may have to post GL entries as a result of the application it therefore checks for the existence of dimensions on the source documents.
Something to watch out for when adding new dimensions onto existing customers and suppliers.
Thanks for reading!